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The world’s cleanest water droplet

The 'molecular dirt' found on any surface can change the properties of the material. A new method has been developed to study this. By creating ultra-pure ice in a vacuum chamber and melting it the world's cleanest water drops were created and applied to titanium dioxide surfaces. The 'dirt' turns out to be a single-molecule-thick layer of two organic acids. This is surprising, because only minute traces of these acids are found in air.

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More than a label: shelter dog genotyping reveals inaccuracy of breed assignments

Scientists used genetic testing in over 900 shelter dogs to identify breed heritage in the largest study of its kind. The researchers found widespread genetic diversity: 125 breeds in the sample and an average of three breed matches per dog. The accuracy of shelter staff in identifying more than one breed in the dog's heritage based just on physical appearance was only 10 percent. How breed labels can impact shelter dogs is discussed.

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